Biology Chapter 3 & 4 Review

Know structure and function of all organelles
- Nucleus – Contains DNA, control center of cell, nuclear membrane is
phospholipid bilayer
- Endoplasmic Reticulum connected network of membranes - function =
production of membrane proteins and lipids - two types
Smooth ER – Membrane lipid production
Rough ER – ribosomes bound to it
- Golgi Apparatus – stacks and stacks of flattened sacks –
Phospholipid membranes – Packaged products for export
- Mitochondria – Energy Production – Converts glucose to ATP – inner
membrane (Cristae)
- Lysosomes – a vacuole that contains enzymes – breaks down food
particles – degrades dead cells
- Vacuoles – organelles that take in food, remove wastes, regulate
water
- Cytoskeleton – Gives shape and allows some cells to move – made of
protein tubes larger microtubules – smaller microfilaments – Both are
types of protein
- Centrioles – Small bundles of microtubules – helps separate
chromosomes during mitosis
- Chloroplasts – only in plant cells and some bacterial cells –
converts carbon dioxide and water to glucose (food) in the presence of light –
Photosynthesis – Chlorophyll
- Cell Wall – Only in plants – Composed of cellulose (carbohydrate) –
support of plant cell
- Ribosomes – Protein production – free or attached (ER)
- Phospholipid Membrane – Composed of two layers of phospholipids (bilayer)
phosphates are hydrophillic (water loving) fatty acid tails hydrophobic (water
hating) - 3 types of proteins – Channel proteins, receptor proteins, and
marker proteins
- Define a polar molecule – Like Water – What makes a
molecule like water polar
- Fluid Mosaic Model of cell
- What is the relationship between surface to volume ratio –
What happens to the efficiency of a cell when the Surface to volume ratio gets
too small ex. 6:1 (large surface area, small volume) 3:1 medium surface area,
small volume
- How does the hydrogen bond relate to water?
- What is the Cell Theory – 2 parts
- Eukaryotes – Animal cells – True nucleus – Membrane bound
organelles
- Prokaryotes – Bacteria – no nucleus – No membrane bound
organelles
- Microscope parts – objectives, eyepiece, stage, diaphragm,
light source, body tube
- Be able to calculate the total magnification of microscope
- Phospholipid membrane is semipermeable
- What is the definition of osmosis
- What is the definition of diffusion
- What is facilitated diffusion
- Passive transport – Use of channel proteins – high to low
concentration – no energy
- Active transport – Use of channel protein – low to high
concentration – requires ATP energy
- What is endocytosis
- What is exocytosis

